для ubuntu и возможно deb based^
vi /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/90curtin-aptproxy:Acquire::http::Proxy "http://proxy_ip:8080";
Acquire::https::Proxy "http://proxy_ip:8080";
для AltLinux и возможно rpm based
/etc/apt/apt.conf:Acquire::http::Proxy "http://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/";